Key Finding
Research in VR-based stroke rehabilitation shifted significantly after 2021 from conventional methods toward integration of machine learning and immersive VR technologies, indicating growing interest in technology-enhanced multimodal rehabilitation approaches.
This study reviewed global research on using virtual reality (VR) technology combined with exercise therapy to help stroke survivors recover. Researchers analyzed 1,687 published articles to understand what scientists have been studying and where the field is headed. Stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability worldwide, making effective rehabilitation strategies essential. The review found that interest in VR-based rehabilitation has been growing steadily, with China publishing the most studies and the United States having the most influential research. Early research focused on traditional rehabilitation methods and testing these approaches in clinical trials. Since 2021, scientists have shifted attention toward newer technologies like immersive VR experiences and machine learning to personalize treatment. The most active researchers are based in Italy and have been exploring how VR can work alongside robotic-assisted rehabilitation. While this study doesn't directly involve acupuncture, it highlights an important trend in stroke recovery: the integration of innovative technologies with conventional therapies to improve outcomes. For stroke survivors considering complementary treatments, this research suggests that combining different therapeutic approaches may offer better results than single interventions alone. Acupuncture has its own evidence base for stroke rehabilitation, particularly for motor function and spasticity. If you're considering acupuncture as part of stroke recovery, work with a licensed acupuncturist experienced in neurological rehabilitation.
This bibliometric analysis examined 1,687 publications on virtual reality combined with exercise therapy for stroke rehabilitation from the Web of Science database through 2025. Using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, researchers mapped publication trends, institutional networks, and keyword evolution. China led in publication volume while the United States had highest citation counts. Italian researchers from IRCCS Centro Neurolesi made significant contributions to VR-robotics integration. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation was the top-publishing journal. Keyword burst analysis revealed a paradigm shift: pre-2021 research emphasized conventional rehabilitation and clinical trials, while post-2021 focus shifted toward machine learning and immersive VR technologies. No effect sizes reported as this was a literature review rather than primary research. Clinical relevance: The integration of emerging technologies with standard rehabilitation represents a significant trend in stroke recovery, suggesting multimodal approaches may enhance outcomes.
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